‘Kidneys regulate the amount of potassium in the body and if they’re functioning normally, they can control intake,’ explains Paul Cathcart, a consultant urological surgeon at Guy’s and St Thomas’ Hospital in London.
伦敦盖伊和圣托马斯医院的泌尿外科顾问医师保罗·卡思卡特解释道：“肾能调节体内的钾含量，如果肾脏正常运转，就能控制人体吸收的钾。”
But kidneys that don’t function normally can allow potassium to build up, potentially triggering hyperkalemia, which causes nausea, a slower pulse and an irregular heartbeat.
但是，不能正常运转的肾脏会让钾不断累积，从而可能引发高钾血，导致恶心、脉搏变慢和心跳不齐等症状。
‘So if you have a renal impairment or have had kidney disease, you should have a lower potassium intake,’ says Mr Cathcart.
卡思卡特说：“所以，如果你有肾损伤或肾病，应该少摄入钾。”
Healthy adults need about 3,500mg of potassium a day, says dietitian Dr Sarah Schenker. The average banana contains between 400 mg and 450 mg, so you’d have to eat more than seven-and-a-half bananas to reach that level.
营养学家莎拉·申克尔博士说，健康的成人每天需要大约3500毫克钾。一根普通的香蕉含有400到450毫克的钾，所以你必须吃7根半香蕉才能达到这一水平。
BEETROOT 甜菜根
If you’ve had kidney stones, avoid beetroot, says Bhaskar Somani, a consultant urological surgeon and honorary senior lecturer in urology at University Hospital Southampton.
南安普顿大学医院泌尿外科顾问医师和荣誉高级讲师巴斯卡·索曼尼说，如果你有肾结石，就不要吃甜菜根。
‘Beetroot contains oxalates — substances that prevent calcium being absorbed.’
“甜菜根含有草酸——这种物质可以阻止钙被人体吸收。”
Most people’s bodies can break down and eliminate these substances via the kidney or colon. But in some people, oxalates can accumulate, leading to stones.
多数人的身体都可以通过肾脏或结肠来分解和消除这些物质。但对有些人而言，草酸则会在体内积聚，引发结石。
SPROUTS 豆芽菜
Sprouts should be avoided if you’re taking the anticoagulant drug warfarin, used to help prevent blood clots or to keep a clot from getting bigger, advises Yoon Loke, a professor of medicine and pharmacology at the University of East Anglia.
东安格利亚大学的医药学教授永恩·洛克建议，如果你正在服用抗凝血药物华法林，就不要吃豆芽菜。
‘This is because green, leafy vegetables such as sprouts and spinach are high in vitamin K, a nutrient needed to make clotting factors in the body — the opposite of what warfarin does, which is to thin the blood.
“这是因为豆芽菜和菠菜等绿叶蔬菜含有大量维生素K——一种凝血因子所需的营养物质——和华法林正相反，华法林会让血液变稀。”
‘So vitamin K inhibits the effects of warfarin.’
“所以维生素K会抑制华法林的药效。”
CABBAGE 卷心菜
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Raw cabbage, along with cauliflower and kale, contains goitrogens — substances that can affect thyroid function by blocking production of the hormone thyroxine, says Dr Mark Vanderpump, a consultant endocrinologist at The Physicians’ Clinic in London.
伦敦内科医生诊所的内分泌科顾问医师马克·范德普说，生卷心菜和花椰菜、羽衣甘蓝一样含有致甲状腺肿因子，这种物质能通过阻止甲状腺激素的分泌影响甲状腺功能。
The hormone helps to absorb iodine, which is essential for normal thyroid function.
这种激素有助于吸收碘，而碘对于正常的甲状腺功能至关重要。
The effects are small, so cabbage is unlikely to cause problems in healthy people and those who are taking the drug levothyroxine for underactive thyroid.
由于作用比较小，所以卷心菜不太可能让健康的人和因甲状腺机能低下而服用左旋甲状腺素的人身体出问题。
‘But these vegetables may be an issue for those who have a low thyroid function but haven’t been diagnosed. Symptoms include tiredness and weight gain,’ says Dr Vanderpump.
范德普医生说：“但这些蔬菜对于那些甲状腺机能低下但还未被诊断出的患者可能是个问题。甲状腺机能低下的症状包括疲倦和增重。”
BROAD BEANS 蚕豆
Tyramine, found in foods including broad beans, chocolate and hard cheese, is an amino acid that helps regulate blood pressure.
蚕豆、巧克力和硬质奶酪等食物所含的酪胺是一种有助于调节血压的氨基酸。
However, if you take one of the older forms of antidepressant known as monoamine oxidase inhibitors, the drug can block the enzyme that breaks down excess tyramine.
但是，如果你服用比较老的抗抑郁药单胺氧化酶抑制剂，这种药物会阻断能分解过多酪胺的酶。
A build-up of tyramine can lead to critically high blood pressure, says Dr Prasad.
普拉萨德医生说，酪胺的累积可引发严重的高血压。
CRANBERRIES 蔓越橘
Cranberry juice contains salicylic acid, a key ingredient in aspirin, so reduce the amount you drink if you take aspirin regularly (it is often prescribed as a blood thinner for those who have had a heart attack), as this could thin the blood further.
蔓越橘汁含有水杨酸，这是阿司匹林中的关键成分，所以如果你定期服用阿司匹林（医生经常给发作过心脏病的人开阿司匹林，因为这能稀释血液），就要少喝蔓越橘汁，否则会让血液进一步变稀。
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